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選礦技術(shù)雜談

目前金礦廠多采用金屬破碎機(jī)進(jìn)行粗碎，采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)型圓錐破碎機(jī)中碎，而細(xì)碎則采用短頭型圓錐碎礦機(jī)以及對輥碎礦機(jī)。中、小型選金廠大多采用兩段一閉路碎礦，大型選金廠采用三段一閉路碎礦流程。   對碎礦流程進(jìn)行了改造，使磨礦機(jī)的利用系數(shù)提高，采取的主要措施是實(shí)行多碎少磨，降低入磨礦石粒度。

金在礦石中的含量極低，為了提取黃金，需要將礦石破碎和磨細(xì)并采用選礦工藝預(yù)先富集或從礦石中使金分離出來。黃金選礦中使用較多的是重選和浮選，重選法在砂金生產(chǎn)中占有十分重要的地位，浮選法是巖金礦山廣為運(yùn)用的選礦方法，目前我國80%左右的巖金礦山采用此法選金，選礦技術(shù)和裝備水平有了較大的提高。

重選在巖金礦山應(yīng)用比較廣泛，多作為輔助工藝，在磨礦回路中回收粗粒金，為浮選和氰化工藝創(chuàng)造有利條件，改善選礦指標(biāo)，提高金的總回收率，對增加產(chǎn)量和降低成本發(fā)揮了積極的作用。山東省約有10多個選金廠采用了重選這一工藝，平均總回收率可提高2%～3%，企業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益好，據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計，每年可得數(shù)百萬元的利潤。河南、湖南、內(nèi)蒙古等省（區(qū)）亦取得好的效果，采用的主要設(shè)備有溜槽、搖床、跳汰機(jī)和短錐旋流器等。，浮—重聯(lián)合流程（浮選尾礦用重選）適于采用，今后應(yīng)大力推廣階段磨礦階段選別流程，提倡能收、早收的選礦原則。

我國80%左右的巖金礦山采用浮選法選金，產(chǎn)出的精礦多送往有色冶煉廠處理。由于氰化法提金的日益發(fā)展和企業(yè)為提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，減少精礦運(yùn)輸損失，近年來產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生了較大的變化，多采取就地處理（當(dāng)然也由于選冶之間的矛盾和計價等問題，迫使礦山就地自行處理）促使浮選工藝有較大發(fā)展，在黃金生產(chǎn)中占有相當(dāng)?shù)闹匾匚弧ＭǔＳ袃?yōu)先浮選和混合浮選兩種工藝。近年來在工藝流程改造和藥劑添加制度方面有新的進(jìn)展，浮選回收率也明顯提高。據(jù)全國40多個選金廠，浮選工藝指標(biāo)調(diào)查結(jié)果表明，硫化礦浮選回收率為90%，少數(shù)高達(dá)95%～97%;氧化礦回收率為75%左右;個別的達(dá)到80%～85%。近年來，浮選工藝流程的革新改造以及科研成果很多，效果明顯。

Our country about 80% of the gold mines of the rock flotation choose gold, the output of the concentrate more colored smelter to deal with. Because of leaching gold cyanide process of development and enterprise to improve economic efficiency, reduce concentrate transportation loss, in recent years the product structure has experienced a greater change, take in situ treatment (of course also because of mineral smelting and the contradiction between the problems and valuation, forcing the mine in situ to manage their own) prompted the flotation process have larger development, in the gold production occupies an important position in the. There are usually preferred flotation and mixing floatation two craft. In recent years in the process modification and agents have new developments add system, flotation recoveries also increased significantly. More than 40 selected according to the national gold factory, flotation technology index survey results show that the recovery rate is 90% of sulfide ore flotation, a few as high as 95% ~ 97%; Oxidation ore recovery is 75% or so; The individual reach 80% ~ 85%. In recent years, the flotation process of innovation and scientific research achievements transformation many, the effect is obvious.

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